I am currently reading a book about non-violent conflict. The authors are responding to the criticism that non-violent resistance doesn't work against extremely violent opponents, that it depends on the moral and ethical restraint of the opponents. The authors cite Holland and Denmark as two examples of how non-violent resistance was used against the Nazis.
I think that the authors might have a point, but there is a weakness in their argument. While it is true that the Nazis were generally violent and lacking in moral restraint, there is little evidence that their animosity was directed against either Dutch or Danes. They invaded and occupied these countries for strategic reasons. They wanted to protect themselves from the British. In pointing this out I am not saying that they deserved to be protected. Indeed the British had a just cause in this war. The Germans had invaded Poland. Third parties are not required to stay neutral. Nor was invasion or the threat of invasion justified. Holland and Denmark were well within their rights to remain neutral. Even if the British had no just cause in the war, this would not justify invading either of these countries.
What I am pointing out is that the Dutch and Danes were regarded by Nazi ideology as being racially superior much like the Germans. The Nazis had no particular animosity toward Dutch or Danes per se.
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